James P. Hogan was born in London in 1941. After studying electrical and mechanical engineering at the Royal Aircraft Establishment College, Farnborough, U.K, he graduated as an electronics engineer specializing in digital systems. Later he became a sales executive with such companies as ITT and Honeywell, and eventually a Sales Training Consultant with DigitalEquipment Corporation's scientific computing group at Marlborough, Massachusetts.He wrote his first novel in the mid 70s and currently has approximately 30 titles of "hard"science fiction and nonfiction. In 1979 he became a full-time writer, moving to Florida and, later, California.